Relying on the ART, Kidd and Castano (2013a) observed a positive correlation between literary reading and theory of mind (ToM), i.e. Respondents are asked to select items that they recognize as writers’ names, scoring points for all correct answers while points are deducted for incorrect selections. The ART is a checklist of names, some of which belong to well-known writers of either literary or popular fiction. In reader response experiments, readers’ long-term exposure to literature is often measured using the Author Recognition Test (ART) ( Mar et al., 2006 Stanovich and West, 1989). We present an analysis of the data with a view to offering more than one interpretation of the observed effects of stylistic foregrounding. This finding stands in contradiction to widely accepted assumptions in recent research, but can be assimilated in alternative models of literariness and affect in literary reading. We found that the non-literary version elicited significantly more ( p < 0.01) explicitly empathic responses than the original story. One group read the original story, while the other read a ‘non-literary’ version, produced by an established author of suspense fiction for young adults, where stylistic foregrounding was reduced. Afterwards, they were asked to select three markings and elaborate on their experiences in writing. Subjects ( N = 37) read versions of Katherine Mansfield’s “The Fly,” a short story rich in foregrounding, while marking striking and evocative passages of their choosing. In order to explore the stylistic underpinnings of the hypothesized link between literariness and empathy, we conducted a qualitative experiment in which the degree of stylistic foregrounding was manipulated. However, the literary nature of the stimuli used in these studies has not been defined at a more detailed, stylistic level. Several quantitative studies have shown a positive correlation between literary reading and empathy. The alleged crisis of the humanities is currently fueling renewed interest in the affective benefits of literary reading. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS
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